Who am I?
Who are you?
What brought you here?
Internet Mapping Clients: Basic HTML, Javascript, CSS; Google Maps API; OpenLayers javascript library
Geospatial Services Oriented Architectures (SOA)
Open Standards: Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC - WMS, WFS, WCS, KML); Extensible Markup Language (XML)
Desktop client use of Open Standards
Data sharing/publication using Open Standards
What is Internet Mapping?
Definitions
Tools
Use of open standards based remote data and map services in desktop applications
Establishing open standards based services to share geospatial data and mapping capabilities over the Internet
The delivery of mapping and geospatial data tools through web browsers, again based upon open standards
The global computer network of computers that typically connect with each other over TCP/IP
The subset of applications that are run over the Internet, typically using the HTTP protocol in combination with data (HTML, XML, XHTML), presentation (CSS), and behavior (JavaScript) components
The generation of cartographic products that include map images (pictures of geospatial data) and other elements (e.g. legends, tools, scale information, north-arrow)
The development of models (statistical and otherwise) that enable the exploration of geospatial data and testing of hypotheses using those data
While the definition varies from one organization to the next, Open Standards are often characterized by the following:
Ability of systems to share data and information with each other
Commercial Off-the-Shelf Software. Applications that are “purchased” from vendors, often with license terms that restrict the use the software to the specific platform for which it is licensed. Often comes with implicit or explicit technical support
Software licensed under terms that are consistent with the Open Source definition, which includes access to source code, and freedom to modify and redistribute
Actual values associated with geographic locations. For example - numeric elevation values associated with locations within a Digital Elevation Model.
Data about a particular data product or service. Metadata provide critical documentation that supports the discovery and use of data products and data and mapping services
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Content is defined in terms of the structural elements available in HTML/XHTML
<p>...</p> tags<h1>...</h1>, <h2>...</h2>, <h3>...</h3>, etc.<table>...</table> tags<ol>...</ol> or <ul>...</ul> tags, depending upon whether the list is ordered (numbered) or unordered (e.g. bulleted)<form>...</form> tags<div>...</div> tagsModifications to default rendering of HTML/XHTML elements are made through styles defined in CSS
<head> block (the preferred method when doing “real” web development)<head> block of a web pageh1 {color:red; font-size:18px;}Selectors may be based on several criteria
h1, p, table, ul, etc.
<h1>A top level heading</h1>h1 {color:red; font-size:18px}<p id=”para01”>Some text goes here</p>#para01 {color:blue; font-size:12px}<p class=”instructions”>Here are some instructions</p><p class=”instructions”>Here are some more instructions</p>.instructions {color:red; font-size:12px; text-decoration:blink}The most interoperable language for adding dynamic behavior to web sites is Javascript - supported by most browsers on most operating systems
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What is an API
An Application Programming Interface (API) is a particular set of rules and specifications that a software program can follow to access and make use of the services and resources provided by another particular software program that implements that API. It serves as an interface between different software programs and facilitates their interaction, similar to the way the user interface facilitates interaction between humans and computers. -- From Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Api
Overlay Types documentation
gmaps01.html
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mapPage.css
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mapPage_01.js
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gmaps02.html
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mapPage_02.js
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gmaps03.html
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mapPage_03.js
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gmaps04.html
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mapPage_04.js
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gmaps05.html
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mapPage_05.js
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gmaps06.html
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mapPage_06.js
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gmaps07.html
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mapPage_07.js
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gmaps08.html
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mapPage_08.js
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gmaps09.html
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mapPage_09.js
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gmaps10.html
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mapPage_10.js
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Styled Maps Documentation | Styled Maps Wizard
gmap_styled.html
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mapPage_styled.js
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Some particularly relevant sections: Introduction (0:00 - 10:30) | Google Maps API Integration (21:40 - 34:42) | Summary and Links (52:00 52:40)
Fusion Tables Documentation/Help
gmaps_events.html
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gmaps_events.js
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For example, a census vector data product might include the geometries that define census tracts and attributes associated with each geometry: population, income, etc.
Raster data are frequently used to represent values for phenomena that vary continuously across space (e.g. elevation, concentration of air pollutants, depth to ground water, etc. )
These values are encoded over a regular grid of observation locations with a specified grid spacing - often referred to as the spatial resolution of the dataset (i.e. 10m resolution for a standard USGS Digital Elevation Model product)
Often parts of data collections that are repeated (i.e. remote sensing data products)
These libraries are the data access and processing foundation for a growing number of open source and commercial mapping systems
Information and documentation: GDAL Home Page | OGR Home Page
A catalog of numeric codes and associated coordinate transformation parameters is maintained by the International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (OGP) - the successor scientific organization to the European Petroleum Survey Group (EPSG)
These numeric codes are used by many desktop and online mapping systems to document and represent the coordinate systems of available data and services
Links to an online version of the registry and downloadable databases of the registry are available from: http://www.epsg.org/Geodetic.html.
The parameters that define a map projection may be looked up in a number of online locations:
{.oneUp}
{.threeUp}
{.threeUp}
{.threeUp}
{.twoUp}
{.twoUp}
{.oneUP}
The current networking computing model consists of Components Interacting with Each Other
What are components?
What does it mean to interact?
Database systems
File-based data
May be “chained” together to create a processing “workflow”. Output from one processing service may be used as the input to another
http://gstore.unm.edu/apps/rgis/datasets/
b030ab7b-86e3-4c30-91c0-f427303d5c77/
services/ogc/wms?
VERSION=1.1.1&&
SERVICE=WMS&
REQUEST=GetMap&
SRS=EPSG:4326&
FORMAT=image/jpeg&
STYLES=&
LAYERS=bernalillo_tm2011&
TRANSPARENT=TRUE&
WIDTH=521&
HEIGHT=200&
bbox=-107.207,34.8404,-106.143,35.2487
GetCapabilitiesGetMapGetFeatureInfoGetCapabilitiesDescribeFeatureTypeGetFeature/GetFeatureWithLockGetGmlObjectLockFeatureTransactionGetCapabilitiesDescribeCoverageGetCoverageImplementation information based upon OGC Implementation Statistics - Accessed 2/2016
Implementation information based upon OGC Implementation Statistics - Accessed 2/202016
The OGC web service specifications support key geospatial data access requirements
The OGC data and representation standards support data exchange and higher level representation
From XML 1.0 (5th ed.) Recommendation
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XML Source (modified from original): w3schools
Includes XML Declaration and Comment
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Define blocks of content
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Define additional information about elements as name=value pairs.
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The material contained between the opening and closing tags of an Element.
7 | |
Why is this XML well-formed but not valid?
There is no DTD or Schema defined for the document against which it can be validated
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<!DOCTYPE greeting SYSTEM "hello.dtd">
<![CDATA[<greeting>Hello, world!</greeting>]]>
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folder elements1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 | |
New Mexico State Boundary KML File | KMZ File (from NM RGIS)
| Request Parameter | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.1.1 | 1.3.0 | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WMTVER = 1.0.0 | R | Request version | |||
| VERSION = version | O | O | O | Request version | |
| SERVICE = WMS | R | R | R | R | Service type |
| REQUEST = capabilities | R | Request name | |||
| REQUEST = GetCapabilities | R | R | R | Request name | |
| UPDATESEQUENCE = string | O | O | O | Sequence number or string for cache control | |
| Vendor-specific parameters | O | Vendor-specific parameters |
R=Required / O=Optional
| Request Parameter | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.1.1 | 1.3.0 | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WMTVER = 1.0.0 | R | Request version | |||
| VERSION = version | R | R | R | Request version. | |
| REQUEST = map | R | Request name. | |||
| REQUEST = GetMap | R | R | R | Request name. | |
| LAYERS = layer_list | R | R | R | R | Comma-separated list of one or more map layers. Optional (ver. 1.1, 1.1.1) if SLD parameter is present. |
| STYLES = style_list | R | R | R | R | Comma-separated list of one rendering style per requested layer. Optional if SLD parameter is present. |
| SRS = namespace:identifier | R | R | R | Spatial Reference System. | |
| CRS = namespace:identifier | R | Spatial Reference System. | |||
| BBOX = minx,miny,maxx,maxy | R | R | R | R | Bounding box corners (lower left, upper right) in SRS units. |
| WIDTH = output_width | R | R | R | R | Width in pixels of map picture. |
| HEIGHT = output_height | R | R | R | R | Height in pixels of map picture. |
| FORMAT = output_format | R | R | R | R | Output format of map. |
| TRANSPARENT = TRUE or FALSE | O | O | O | O | Background transparency of map (default = FALSE). |
| BGCOLOR = color_value | O | O | O | O | Hexadecimal red-green-blue color value for the background color (default = 0xFFFFFF). |
| EXCEPTIONS = exception_format | O | O | O | O | The format in which exceptions are to be reported by the WMS (default = XML). |
| TIME = time | O | O | O | Time value of layer desired. | |
| ELEVATION = elevation | O | O | O | Elevation of layer desired. | |
| Other sample dimensions | O | O | O | Values of other dimensions as appropriate. | |
| Vendor specific parameters | O | O | O | O | Vendor specific parameters |
| Request Parameter | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.1.1 | 1.3.0 | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WMTVER = 1.0.0 | R | Request version. | |||
| VERSION = version | R | R | R | Request version. | |
| REQUEST = feature_info | R | Request name. | |||
| REQUEST = GetFeatureInfo | R | R | R | Request name. | |
<map_request_copy> |
R | R | R | R | Partial copy of the Map request parameters that generated the map for which information is desired |
| QUERY_LAYERS = layer_list | R | R | R | R | Comma-separated list of one or more layers to be queried. |
| INFO_FORMAT = output_format | O | O | O | R | Return format of feature information (MIME type). |
| FEATURE_COUNT = number | O | O | O | O | Number of features about which to return information (default = 1). |
| X = pixel_column | R | R | R | X coordinate in pixels of feature (measured from upper left corner = 0) | |
| I = pixel_column | R | i coordinate in pixels of feature in Map CS | |||
| Y = pixel_row | R | R | R | Y coordinate in pixels of feature (measured from upper left corner = 0) | |
| J = pixel_row | R | j coordinate in pixels of feature in Map CS | |||
| EXCEPTIONS = exception_format | O | O | O | The format in which exceptions are to be reported by the WMS (default = XML). | |
| Vendor-specific parameters | O | O | O | Optional experimental parameters. |
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{.WMSimage width=200px height=200px}
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{.WMSimage width=300px height=300px}
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The documents related to the OGC WFS standard are available from: http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/wfs and all operation parameter tables presented here are based upon the OpenGIS Web Feature Service 2.0 Interface Standard - Panagiotis (Peter) A. Vretanos, editor - 2010-11-02
From the Version 2.0.0 WFS Scope Section:
This International Standard specifies the behaviour of a service that provides transactions on and access to geographic features in a manner independent of the underlying data store. It specifies discovery operations, query operations, locking operations, transaction operations and operations to manage stored parameterized query expressions.
Discovery operations allow the service to be interrogated to determine its capabilities and to retrieve the application schema that defines the feature types that the service offers.
Query operations allow features or values of feature properties to be retrieved from the underlying data store based upon constraints, defined by the client, on feature properties.
Locking operations allow exclusive access to features for the purpose of modifying or deleting features.
Transaction operations allow features to be created, changed, replaced and deleted from the underlying data store.
Stored query operations allow clients to create, drop, list and described parameterized query expressions that are stored by the server and can be repeatedly invoked using different parameter values.
These request types are submitted as part of the required REQUEST key in a KVP HTTP GET request.
GetCapabilitiesDescribeFeatureTypeGetPropertyValueGetFeature (GetFeatureWithLock)LockFeatureTransactionCreateStoredQueryDropStoredQueryListStoredQueriesDescribeStoredQueriesWFS 2.0.0 Requests and their corresponding WFS Compliance Levels
Operation (REQUEST=) |
V 1.1.0 | V 2.0.0 | Simple | Basic | Transactional | Locking |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GetCapabilities |
||||||
DescribeFeatureType |
||||||
ListStoredQueries |
||||||
DescribeStoredQueries |
||||||
GetFeature |
||||||
StoredQuery |
||||||
GetPropertyValue |
||||||
Transaction |
||||||
GetFeatureWithLock |
||||||
LockFeature |
||||||
GetGMLObject |
Requests submitted to a WFS may be submitted either via
Servers implementing WFS may support either the HTTP GET, POST, or SOAP request model
Conceptually FeatureType = Layer
Base request parameters for all HTTP GET KVP requests (Figure 1)
VERSION is required for all operations except the GetCapabilities request
Sample request to USGS Framework Layer (Governmental Units) WFS Service advertised by the USGS TNM Access API page service list - Live Link
http://services.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/services/WFS/govunits/MapServer/WFSServer?
request=GetCapabilities&
service=WFS
Sample request to NM RGIS (NM 2010 Census Block Groups) - Live Link
http://gstore.unm.edu/apps/rgis/datasets/715663ba-c1c3-414c-84a7-c671526f8316/services/ogc/wfs?
SERVICE=wfs&
REQUEST=GetCapabilities&
VERSION=1.0.0
DescribeFeatureType HTTP GET KVP request (Figure 2)
USGS Framework Layer (Governmental Units) WFS Service linked from the USGS TNM Access API page service list - Live Link
http://services.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/services/WFS/govunits/MapServer/WFSServer?
version=1.1.0&
request=DescribeFeatureType&
service=WFS&
typeName=WFS_govunits:State_or_Territory_High-res
Sample request to NM RGIS (NM 2010 Census Block Groups) - Live Link
http://gstore.unm.edu/apps/rgis/datasets/715663ba-c1c3-414c-84a7-c671526f8316/services/ogc/wfs?
VERSION=1.0.0&
SERVICE=wfs&
REQUEST=DescribeFeatureType&
TYPENAME=tl_2010_35_bg10
GetFeature HTTP GET KVP request (Figure 3)
USGS Framework Layer (Governmental Units) WFS Service linked from the USGS TNM Access API page service list - Live Link
Note: TYPENAME for VERSION=1.1.0 instead of TYPENAMES for VERSION=2.0.0
http://services.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/services/WFS/govunits/MapServer/WFSServer?
VERSION=1.1.0&
REQUEST=GetFeature&
SERVICE=WFS&
TYPENAME=WFS_govunits:State_or_Territory_High-res
Alternative request (Live Link) that includes an OUTPUTFORMAT parameter
http://services.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/services/WFS/govunits/MapServer/WFSServer?
VERSION=1.1.0&
REQUEST=GetFeature&
SERVICE=WFS&
TYPENAME=WFS_govunits:State_or_Territory_High-res&
OUTPUTFORMAT=text/xml;%20subType=gml/3.1.1/profiles/gmlsf/1.0.0/0
The documents related to the OGC WCS standard are available from: [http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/wcs][wcs] with the sample parameters in the following slides based upon the OGC Web Coverage Service 2.0 Interface Standard - KVP Protocol Binding Extension - Peter Baumann, editor - 2010-10-27
From the OGC WCS 2.0 Introduction
The OGC Web Coverage Service (WCS) supports electronic retrieval of geospatial data as "coverages" – that is, digital geospatial information representing space/time-varying phenomena.
This document specifies the WCS core; every implementation of a WCS shall adhere to this standard. This standard thus defines only basic requirements. Extensions to the core will define extensions to meet additional requirements, such as the response encoding. Indeed, additional extensions are required in order to completely specify a WCS for implementation.
A WCS provides access to coverage data in forms that are useful for client-side rendering, as input into scientific models, and for other clients. The WCS may be compared to the OGC Web Feature Service (WFS) and the Web Map Service (WMS). As WMS and WFS service instances, a WCS allows clients to choose portions of a server's information holdings based on spatial constraints and other query criteria.
GetCapabilitiesDescribeCoverageGetCoverageRequests submitted to a WCS may be submitted either via the following protocols, as defined in the three extensions developed thus far for the core WCS standard.
| Name | Mandatory/Optional | Definition | Data Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| service | M | Identifier of the OGC service | String, fixed to "WCS" |
| request | M | Request type name | String, set to operation name |
| version | M (except for GetCapabilities) | Request protocol version | String |
GetCapabilities requestsNOAA Global Forecast System THREDDS catalog. Live Link
http://nomads.ncdc.noaa.gov/thredds/wcs/gfs-004/201602/20160228/
gfs_4_20160228_0000_384.grb2?
service=WCS&
version=1.0.0&
request=GetCapabilities
New Mexico Resource Geographic Information System PRISM Precipitation Normals WCS Service. Live Link
http://gstore.unm.edu/apps/rgis/datasets/2ce10b57-3925-4971-b876-b6fc66d3cca2/services/ogc/wcs?
SERVICE=wcs&
REQUEST=GetCapabilities&
VERSION=1.1.2
DescribeCoverage HTTP GET KVP request (Figure 8)
NOAA Global Forecast System THREDDS catalog. Live Link
http://nomads.ncdc.noaa.gov/thredds/wcs/gfs-004/201602/20160228/
gfs_4_20160228_0000_384.grb2?
service=WCS&
version=1.0.0&
request=DescribeCoverage&
COVERAGE=Categorical_Rain
New Mexico Resource Geographic Information System PRISM Precipitation Normals WCS Service. Live Link
http://gstore.unm.edu/apps/rgis/datasets/2ce10b57-3925-4971-b876-b6fc66d3cca2/services/ogc/wcs?
SERVICE=wcs&
REQUEST=DescribeCoverage&
VERSION=1.1.2&
COVERAGE=us_ppt_1971_2000_11
GetCoverage HTTP GET KVP request (Figure 8)
Subset definition for the GetCoverage HTTP GET KVP request (Figure 10)
Example from the 2.0 specification:
http://www.myserver.org:port/path?
service=WCS
&version=2.0
&request=GetCoverage
&coverageId=C0002
&subset=lon,http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326(-71,47)
&subset=lat,http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326(-66,51)
&subset=t,http://www.opengis.net/def/trs/ISO- 8601/0/Gregorian+UTC("2009-11-06T23:20:52Z")
New Mexico Resource Geographic Information System PRISM Precipitation Normals WCS Service. Live Link
http://gstore.unm.edu/apps/rgis/datasets/2ce10b57-3925-4971-b876-b6fc66d3cca2/services/ogc/wcs?
SERVICE=wcs&
REQUEST=GetCoverage&
VERSION=1.1.2&
COVERAGE=us_ppt_1971_2000_11&
CRS=urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG::4326&
BBOX=24.0625,-125.02083333333,49.93749998965,-66.47916669008&
FORMAT=image/tiff&
WIDTH=2048&
HEIGHT=905
Capabilities
OpenLayers = Javascript (by example)
OpenLayers_01.html
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OpenLayers_01.js
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OpenLayers_01.css
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More detailed Map Object Options
More detailed Layer Object Options
Additional Map Layer Types - With Examples
ol.layer.Tile API Referenceol.layer.Image API Referenceol.layer.Vector API Referenceol.layer.VectorTile API ReferenceA variety of strategies for constructing a new OpenLayers.Map object
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Layer Types and a subset of sources for each type
ol.layer.Image - a single map image is rendered for this layer type
ol.source.ImageMapGuide - API source is a MapGuide server hosting data of interest.ol.source.ImageStatic - API source renders a specified static image file within a specified extent within the map.ol.source.ImageWMS - API source retrieves a single map image from the specified OGC Web Map Service (WMS).ol.layer.Tile - map images in a tiled grid are rendered for this layer type
ol.layer.VectorTile - map content is delivered vector data that has been divided into a tile grid and cannot be edited
ol.layer.Vector - map content is delivered as vector data that is rendered by the client and may be edited within the client
ol.source.Vector - API the source for vector feature(s) that constitute a vector layer. The individual features are ol.Feature objects that consist of at least one geometry, or a collection of geometries and any additional attributes that are associated with each feature.Common Pattern of Layer Object Creation (varies some depending upon the specific layer type)
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Both Map and Layer Objects have a number of associated functions as well
Get functions.Set functionsSome key issues to be aware of when using the two WMS supporting layers (ol.layer.Tile, and ol.layer.Image) and their associated WMS sources (ol.source.TileWMS and ol.source.ImageWMS respectively) include:
projection parameter as part of the map object's view property a default Web Mercator (EPSG:3857) projection is used for the map. Information about how to define and set map projections in OpenLayers is found hereparams option must be provided as part of the server-related property list (the layer names may also be found in the GetCapabilities response)params option) may be provided as well to "adjust" the request automatically generated by OpenLayersol.layer.Image layer type to allow the WMS server to handle the distribution of layers across the entire map image instead of including them in each individual map image.Sample WMS Layer Object Creation
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Example: HTML, Javascript
Vector layers support
Sample Point Feature Object creation
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Sample KML Layer Object creation with style
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Example: HTML, Javascript
A KMZ file may be extracted and its contents examined by many zipfile utilities if you replace the .kmz extension with .zip prior to trying to extract↩